How Much Does Testing Cost?

From Douglas Harris' book "Value-Added Measures in Education," p. 203:

"Currently, less than 2 percent of current K-12 expenditures go to fund the entire state and federal systems of standards, assessments, and accountability, and switching from tests now in use to IB tests, for example, would increase costs from $15 to $34 per student to $113 to $161 per student."